Managing GLP-1 side effects

Nausea

The most common complaint, usually worst in the two to three days after a dose and after each increase. Smaller portions, lower-fat meals, eating slowly and stopping at the first sign of fullness all help. Ginger and cold foods suit some people better than hot. If nausea is severe enough to stop you drinking, that is a reason to make contact rather than push through.

Constipation

Very common and usually manageable. Fluid first — two litres a day is a reasonable target. Then fibre, increased gradually rather than all at once. Then movement, which does more than most people expect. A pharmacist can advise on a suitable laxative if those are not enough.

Reflux and burping

Slower gastric emptying means food sits longer. Smaller meals, avoiding lying down for two to three hours after eating, and reducing very fatty or spicy food usually improve it.

Fatigue

Often a symptom of eating too little rather than of the medicine itself. Check protein and total intake before assuming it is a side effect. Dehydration and low electrolytes are the other frequent causes.

Red flags

Severe abdominal pain, particularly radiating through to the back and with vomiting, may indicate pancreatitis and needs urgent assessment. Pain under the right ribs after eating may indicate gallbladder disease. Persistent vomiting with an inability to keep fluids down needs same-day advice. Any new neck lump or swelling should be reported. If you are seriously unwell, contact NHS 111 or your GP, or in an emergency call 999.